double complex catan(double complex z);
float complex catanf(float complex z);
long double complex catanl(long double complex z);
One has:
    catan(z) = (clog(1 + i * z) - clog(1 - i * z)) / (2 * i)
 
/* Link with "-lm" */
#include <complex.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    double complex z, c, f;
    double complex i = I;
    if (argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <real> <imag>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    z = atof(argv[1]) + atof(argv[2]) * I;
    c = catan(z);
    printf("catan() = %6.3f %6.3f*i\n", creal(c), cimag(c));
    f = (clog(1 + i * z) - clog(1 - i * z)) / (2 * i);
    printf("formula = %6.3f %6.3f*i\n", creal(f2), cimag(f2));
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}